Bandura

B's social learning theory emphasises the importance of modelling.

Social learning theory explains human behaviour in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive , behavioural and environmental influences.

It spans cognitive and behavioural frameworks as it encompasses attention , memory, and motivation.

In its appliation to education Bandura's theory has been applied to understand agression and behavioural problems.


Individuals are more likely to adopt a modelled beahviour if it has a valid outcome.

Bruner 1966

learners is active process learners construct new knowledge based upon current or past knowledge.

the practitioner should try to encourage students to discover principles by themselves. the practitioner is responsible for translating the information in to a format that the learner will understand in their current state of underdstanding.

The practitioner should organise the curriculum to scaffold the learning so that the student can build on existing knowledge.

4 major aspects that a theory of learning should address:

1. positive disposition to learning
2. the way in which knowledge is structured so that it can most easily be grasped.
3. the most effective sequence in which to present the material.
the nature and pacing of rewards and punishments.

Play talk and learning constructivism

Constructivists believe that human knowledge is acquired through a process of active individualised construction ot in other words learning is a process of building and understaning one's world. White p. 11. Constructivist believe that it happens in isolation or the child learns alone however social constructivists empahsise the social nature of learning or humans learn individually and in a social enironment.

Gagne (1966), strongly disagreed with constructivist theory

Sociology children & divorce

children's wishes considered following the 1989 Children Act however James et al say less effective than supposed because they identified two images that professionals use to idnetify childhood and they are: the child as an age based status and 2nd the child as a kinship /generational status p. 197 both firmly rooted in the developmental paradigm. so adults determine for children the right thing to do by the child thus denying them their agency.
Cases demonstrate where adults have made decisions that go against the child's wishes.

Steedman

Steedman (1995), declared that the 19th century fixed childhood, not just as a category of experience but also as a timespan ..... p. 143 James et al

Sociology

Health _ BMA website http://www.bma.org.uk/

Sociology children's rights

UNCRC- United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child- children should be rights bearing citizens Burr p. 142 Kehilly.

UNCRC contains 54 principles that make up the convention see p. 146

UNICEF- United Nation Children's Fund

Are all countries ready to implement it?

Burr's work in Vietnam highlights local culture prevails and children are expected to respect their elders and to show filial respect for adults thus contravening two of the intentions of the convention: firstly that children should have individual rights and that they are not required to be deferential. p.150 kehily